Spine surgery is a surgical procedure performed on the spine to treat conditions such as back or neck pain, herniated discs, spinal deformities, or spinal cord compression. It can involve procedures like discectomy, spinal fusion, laminectomy, or artificial disc replacement. The goal is to relieve pain, improve mobility, or stabilize the spine. Surgery can be open or minimally invasive, and recovery may involve physical therapy. Risks include infection, bleeding, and nerve damage. A thorough evaluation by a specialist is necessary before considering surgery.